Video vs film, why did the HQ Sound let go with the video?

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Video vs film, why did the HQ Sound let go with the video?

Post by S8 Booster »

Just wondering why the sound quality disappeared with the arrival of the video camaras for newsmaking.

I discussed this issue with a national broadcast cameraman about 10 years ago and he said that it is the way it is (was) agreeing that the sound quality had dropped significantly with the arrival of the V-Cams.

The strange thing to me is that I have this impression that this has not improved a bit over the past 10 years?

The other day I recorded this sample from a 25 year old "flashback" on TV and the sound quality is just simply great and superior to anything I watch from the TV news today.

The posted sample is most likely shot on 16mm film, possibly the VNF7240/Ektachrome 125 and the sound might have been recorded on a Nagra or Uher sound recorder - my guess.

Well, anyway, enjoy.


Sample frame:
Image

Play:
ftp://ftp.filmshooting.com/upload/video/Sound.mov


R
Last edited by S8 Booster on Fri Jul 19, 2002 12:21 am, edited 4 times in total.
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TV newsfilm and sound

Post by David M. Leugers »

How right you are about the quality. I know 7240 Video News Film (VNF) gets raked over the coals by all the S-8mm shooters, but 16mm 7240 I have always liked. The sound is usually single-system sound recorded on mag-striped 16mm stock. Almost every news organization used this method due to its reliability, less complicated than double system sound, and cheaper with top quality sound. I was living near Detroit when the big change over to video came around 1980. There was one station in Detroit that continued to use film instead of video and the difference was obvious. I now video has come a long way since then, but I still prefer the film image. Single-system sound on mag-striped 16mm stock was awesome. The width of the stripe was close to the size of standard cassette tape and traveled much, much faster for great sound. At the same time NBC switched over and sold off all of their 16mm Auricon conversion cameras. I bought an ex-Moscow camera with single system mag sound, 12-120 Angenieux lens etc and still have it today. I was able to shoot some sound film with it before Kodak had to quit making mag-striped 16mm film. It was a real treat! I was so depressed when Kodak quit making film for it, and then S-8mm sound film went the same way! At least we still can shoot film and great new ways of doing sound are here to stay.
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Sound

Post by S8 Booster »

Very interesting info David.

I have never touched the 16mm except for projection and examining some cams.

Did not know about the soundstriped 16mm VNF film which most likely was used here.

Exceptional sound quality!



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Kind of unbelieveable!

Post by S8 Booster »

Isn´t it unbelieveable?

• 16/8mm film beats DV Video on image quality hands down .
• 16/8mm film beats DV on sound quality hands down.


To me it appears to be an easy 2:0 in favour of the film.
Bring back the mag striped 16/8mm film now Kodak! Now!



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Post by S8 Booster »

Just adding some frames for VNF "check".

As a add on to David L´s comment that he liked the VNF 7240 very well I tried to capture some larger format frames to take a closer look but it is not really fair because they are captured on Video8 which is very noisy and the when the MAC´s digitizer captures at 832x624 it has much higher resolution than the source (V8 = 280 lines?). The MAC digitizer rips apart all images of lower resolution that it captures at so all the artifacts are visible here. Also note the contour effect that the V8 adds.

However, the colours are very good and they basically appear to be even better looking here (on my MAC) than viewed on TV.

Image

Big size
ftp://ftp.filmshooting.com/upload/pictu ... DFRAME.jpg


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7240 VNF

Post by David M. Leugers »

I know that VNF can be pretty grainy when used in the S-8mm and R-8mm formats, but not as bad (or good if you are going for that look) as the old Ektachrome 160. In 16mm I really don't think the images are very grainy at all unless you are comparing them to Kodachrome. Flesh tones are great and the colors seem natural and saturated. I shot quite a bit of it covering a family reunion in a tree shaded park and was very happy with the results. I post flashed the stock to smooth out the contrast and improve shadow detail. I would love to try this technic if I could get my hands on some Double S-8mm 7240. I can do it now with R-8mm 7240 and may experiment. I think S-8mm 7240 could be used for some very nice images when transferred to video. I think we all should appreciate the choices we have in film, after all, isn't that one of the big reasons it is more fun than the brown-paper-wrapper video? 8) BTW for what it's worth, I liked the Ektachrome films when shot in daylight as opposed to the usual low light applications. This holds true for 7240 VNF...
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VNF 7240

Post by S8 Booster »

Really interesting info about the VNF 7240. I bought a couple of cartridges earlier keeping them cooled waiting for the right time. Finding your info very valuable for my test with it.

Maybe those who critizises the the S8 VNF 7240 only shot one film and that´s it? Might not give all answers.

In addition different cameras/lenses and light situations might be factors.

I also remember shots with the old E160 done in mixed light, late evening about 15 years ago. Those takes still stuns me with very balanced colours (different from K40) and no apparent grain, or at least much less that what I experienced with tungsten lights.

Probably all different film kinds have their strenghts/optimal ranges and it takes some experimentation to reveal their true potential. That is my experience and I think it is confirmed by your post.



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Post by crimsonson »

How did you guys compare video's sound quality to S8/16mm?

Which camera?
What format?
etc?

unless you are saying that S8/16mm has an audio quality superior to CD then you are just plain mistaken.

DV and all digital video formats are either 32k, 441, or 48khz.

32 is mainly used to support 4 channels (2 stereo)
44.1 not really (this is CD quality)
48 is the most commonly used - stereo and better than CD quality.

Ofcourse keep in mind that audio quality, like video, is dependant on the equipment it self.

"superior to anything I watch from the TV news today"

TV news is not a concerned with achieving the highest quality of audio or video - their goal is the record an incident that is not waiting to hera "action"

" 16/8mm film beats DV on sound quality hands down."

again what facts do you have to support such statement?
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Post by MovieStuff »

Hear, hear! (no pun intended)

I agree, Dom. I love film and was always a big fan of single system sound but there is no way that a mag stripe on a news film camera like a CP or an Auricon (same thing) will have the fidelity of video tape that uses the hi-fi tracks. Heck, even the regular analog linear tracks of 3/4 inch is better than the wow and flutter characteristics found on 16mm mag stripe. I, too, would like to know where you're coming from in this comparison of film versus video.

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Sound quality

Post by David M. Leugers »

Good sound is in the ear of the listener to paraphrase a popular saying about beauty. It's not about statistics and charts. I was only making the point that 16mm mag sound could be very good. Indeed, most audiophiles crave the analogue recording of sound over digital means. That includes CD's for the uninitiated. The professional 16mm rigs used by the stations and networks used top quality separate microphones on booms plugged into a mixer/amp via balanced cables (XLR connectors) and ending up on the recording heads which costs more 25 years ago than DV camcorders do today. The whole system was not some cheap product producing poor recordings with lots of wow and flutter. They produced terrific analogue mag sound which was great and better than the early video sound of news media IMHO (and the images won hands down :wink: ). Sure times have changed and the sound and image quality of video camcorders is outstanding. No sense in arguing about it. For those who love film it is a loss not to be able to shoot sound film and project it on our screens. Single system sound for computer editing and finishing on video would be the way to go if film stock were available. I can't say 16mm mag sound is better than todays video sound tracks, but is was good and sounded wonderful to me. My two cents.
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Sound quality

Post by S8 Booster »

There are some factors that I am quite certain supports my view on this subject.

1) Having dealed with high end Hi-Fi systems since 1970 I have a quite trained ear to sound details.

This means picking up details in sound at modest sound levels to get the best possible "sound picture".

2) The human ear is most sensitve at about 3500Hz (3,5 kHz) where the sound range of human voices have its basic sound range if my memory serves me right. Ref to PHON curves.

Check: SQUARE ONE : Quantifying Noise
http://www.squ1.com/index.php?http://ww ... ntify.html for referenece

Thus the "sound resolution" (dynamic range in the ear sensitive frequency are, ability to pick up details, overtones/harmonics, depth/resolution (analog to latitude on film)) around that lower frequency range is very important and might differ greatly between A and D recording systems besides digital sound is alway "processed" while analog is more directly "right on".

The AD conversion and digital sound processing is a complex issue that I compare to the processing of K40. Although not 7 stages it goes through many and each of these processes add a "dialect" to the sound,. The processing includes filtering of "white noise" step up/down frequency convertion, Mulitibit (20 or more) filters and sometimes high speed 1 bit converter with feedback/feed forward process to correct phase/waveforms etc. If you think that digital sound can be judged just by technical data, you are completely wrong!

3) When I listen to TV news nowadays it sounds like people talks in a "tube" (Sometimes I have problem to undestand in detail what they say) and when the clips like the one posted here is shown regulary on my TV immediately before or after the daily news it is easy to compare.

4) The REAL Hi-Fi freaks (do not count me in) never accepted the digital era. They use analog record players or high end tape recorder/players, tube preamps, tube power amps etc. Occationally you will find some of them that uses transitorized curcuits as well.

5) My intention was not to compare 8/16mm mag stripes, the 16 mm is surely superior but with a HQ mike connected to some S8 cams the single system sound is impressive. This is not an issue limited to frequency range as such but the sound range around where the human ear is at its most sensitive, 3500 Hz, the "bluesy" world.

6) My suspicion was confirmed 10 years ago discussing this with a cameraman from our national TV broadcast company NRK confirming this (beyond any doubt) at a film sound training course I attended to.

7) There are HUGE differences in the sound quality of A/D - D/A converters even though the technical specs are almost identical. I do not belive for a second that High-End converters are used on news range DV cams. Correct me if I am wrong.

This said I am the first to admit that probably all people hear sound differently and admit that many people do not notice (or bother with) the difference. It is widely recognized today that for example women and men´s hearing (way of processing the sound) is quite different as well.

I like quite a lot of the gizmo stuff in the digital world and it works great to me like the MD recorder/player that I substitute the sound stripes on S8 with.

My current Hi-Fi system uses a CD player, although connected directly to the PA via balanced (XLR) cables, thus eliminating the preamp for losses.

Now, what do this do? The system play like a dream (live sound) on loud levels but not good at lower levels unfortunately.
However, adding a preamp it will reveal all the neuances at low levels but have some loss at higher levels. The "punch" will go.

Biggest problem with the non-preamp setup?
The CD recordings. I am lucky if I find 1 in a 100 that have a sound quality up to the capability of my (modest) Hi-Fi system.
Since there are no controls except volume on the non preamp setup, I get what there is, no more, no less.

Using a preamp makes many more CDs sound OK but there are really many CDs that are really bad. ("we are all in it for the money", FZ 1967?)

The 1:100 ratio is confirmed by many HiFi "freaks" I have met.

Not slamming the DV sound as such, just noting that there is a difference that I at least, do not like.

Cranium I think, posted some info here a while ago that in the Audio HE world it was recognized that even 96 bit (or kHz - do not remember which but it is way over "standard" specs) High End A/D converters/preamps did not match the sound quality of tube A/A preamps.

The size alone on a High End D/A converter will usually prevent it from beeing installed in a camcorder with the 7+ or so separate power supplies required to ensure the system a High-End performance.

My 2 EURO cents

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Re: S8 Booster

Post by David M. Leugers »

Wow! Thanks for the info. I only know what I hear. Techno freaks can lay all kinds of numbers on me, but I know tube amps rule! Even guitars know that 8) . I have, and have owned, scores of sound projectors both 16mm and S8mm. Best sound, hands down bar none = B+H JAN projector (WWII design!) with its golden toned tube amp. Not only is the sound loud and strong, it is sweet with real presence, almost live sounding. When I project some mag-striped footage with this projector the sound coming out is IMHO awesome. I know that both S8mm and 16mm single system cameras were designed to reproduce sound in the frequency range of our normal hearing and as such the sound was tailored for those frequencies. I think that helps give it the clear sound that they had. Again, not making claims that it was superior to anything we have today, but it was good and I miss it.
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Post by crimsonson »

"3) When I listen to TV news nowadays it sounds like people talks in a "tube" (Sometimes I have problem to undestand in detail what they say) and when the clips like the one posted here is shown regulary on my TV immediately before or after the daily news it is easy to compare"

This where is your mistake!!

Like I said before news is not out there for technical exellence.

Plus if I compare those news footage from the olden days of Scoopic - without a doubt todays has a better sound.

Also, are you comparing the sound quality of TV to HIFI projector setup?

Also, did you know that many of the news footage hear are put through EQ, DAW, etc to remove background noise?

Did you know that low cut filter is standard in most ENG cameras?


Using HIFI freaks, though relevant, is not bullet proof.
I mean about the HIFI freaks who have thrown away their NAGRA for DAT?
How about those HIFI freks who work with Pro-Tools type DAW with no analoge equipment whatsoever?


I think its dangerous to describe something with subjective terms - like "nalogue has puch and presence"
This is hard to counter since what your ears hear might not be what mine hears.

To me its pretty telling when HIFI freaks use a all digital aquisition and editing system and just use a "filter" or "plug-in" to achieve the analogue color.


let me not even go about movie production and soundmixing. :)
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Sound

Post by S8 Booster »

Crimson, I think we basically agree :D .
My target with this post was news or onboard video recording systems "defeat" against the old analog methods which I still think is correct.

Spacetech sound systems for feature films are certainly not included in my criticism although I think the sound these days too often "overpower" the film itself.

My "tests" are done on both TV and Hi-Fi systems. The difference is biggest on TV but not much improved on a HQ Hi-Fi system.

Even my Canon 1014 XL-s has bass cut and -20dB high and low filter but the sound is still much better to me with those filter on than the current news sound. The sound recorded without filters are chilly good and even with filters on it is very good for speech.

The 3.5 kHz range is a delicate area which are to be treated thoroughly. To me it appears that this is not properly taken care of with the Video news sound systems.

As said I do not slam the digital technology as such but digital processing alone is not automatically similar to "good" sound recordings.

I know very well that sound quality in general is a difficult issue as pointed in my previous posts.
:wink:


David, take good care of your tube amp projector.
You´ll never get a different one to match it I believe?
Hearing is believing to me too.

Now I have to strike a few chords on my Fender Twin Reverb 100W tube amp with 2 JBL 1208s before I get too bluesy :)

By the way, George Martin said in an interview a while ago that he thought that the recordings they did in the 60s (despite simple old analog stuff, mixers, compressors etc., tube, tube, tube) had a punch and a drive that he found absent in new recordings despite all the new technology available. He thought that there were too many options and that only very few engineers mastered the technology well enough to produce the optimum sound.

R
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Analog Film Sound

Post by S8 Booster »

MovieStuff wrote:Hear, hear! (no pun intended)

Heck, even the regular analog linear tracks of 3/4 inch is better than the wow and flutter characteristics found on 16mm mag stripe. I, too, would like to know where you're coming from in this comparison of film versus video.

Roger
My intention was to put focus on the "sound resolution" (dynamic range, definition) around the area where the ear is most sensitive: 500 to 4000 Hz. It appears to me, and is confirmed by camera operators, that the introduction of the video caused an audible drop in sound quality for TV news work.

Surely wow and flutter appears with analog [film] cams/projectors etc but many times the audible W&F is a matter of wear or lack of maintenance. At least in the late ´70 there were control systems available that could run the mag stripe below audible wow and flutter.

One example is the Canon 1014 XL-S that uses 2 separate digitally controlled motors with separate stabilized powersupplies for film advance over respectively filmport and sound recording system. It use a loop detector to control the slack of the film between the fim gate and the sound head and apparently it runs a dead stable sound transport while as the slack is regulated via the film gate advance system. You will not see slight speed variations but you will easily hear them.

I belive that some 16mm cams were using this technlology too?

Worn cams and a dirty sound system & filmgate may destruckt the stability and sound quality of course.

Those were the days (of sound striped film)
:D

(If I have time I will post another sample from the daily news so you can compare the old and new sound yourself.)

R
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